pip入门指南

2017-03-15
#python #pip
Python

1. Quickstart

1.1 Install a package from PyPI

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$ pip install SomePackage

1.2 Show what files were installed:

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$ pip show --files SomePackage

1.3 List what packages are outdated:

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$ pip list --outdated

1.4 Upgrade a package:

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$ pip install --upgrade SomePackage

1.5 Uninstall a package:

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$ pip uninstall SomePackage

1.6 Upgrading pip

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pip install -U pip

1.7 安装指定版本的包

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pip install elasticsearch==2.4.0
zhangmimideMacBook-Pro:~ zhangmimi$ pip install elasticsearch==2.4.0
Collecting elasticsearch==2.4.0
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/3f/be/980d79da0fbb14acc29e3c9b724287cbc24be2cb1ede47f2c0eecba60809/elasticsearch-2.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (54kB)
    100% |################################| 61kB 1.1MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<2.0,>=1.8 in ./anaconda/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from elasticsearch==2.4.0)
Installing collected packages: elasticsearch
  Found existing installation: elasticsearch 5.2.0
    Uninstalling elasticsearch-5.2.0:
      Successfully uninstalled elasticsearch-5.2.0
Successfully installed elasticsearch-2.4.0

2. 指定pip镜像源

  1. 清华: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
  2. 豆瓣: http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/
  3. 阿里: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

测试表现：douban的速度最快

在 pip 命令中使用镜像源很简单，在执行 install 命令时，使用 -i 参数加上源地址就可以了，例如:

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pip install django -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple --trusted-host pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

在最新的 pip 版本(>=7)中，使用镜像源时，会提示源地址不受信任或不安全，需要像上面那样添加--trusted-host

但是如果我们每次安装一个包都要学那么长不觉得麻烦吗？那我们只要修改默认的镜像源，就可以一劳永逸了。像这样：

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zhangmimideMacBook-Pro:~ zhangmimi$ mkdir .pip   
zhangmimideMacBook-Pro:~ zhangmimi$ vim .pip/pip.conf

文件里面写上：

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[global]
 index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

大功告成！